Đa hình và function-table dispatch

#include <stdio.h>

typedef struct Shape Shape;
struct Shape {
    double value;
    double (*area)(const Shape *shape);
};

double square_area(const Shape *shape) {
    return shape->value * shape->value;
}

int main(void) {
    Shape square = {4.0, square_area};
    printf("area=%.1f\n", square.area(&square));
}

#include <iostream>

struct Shape {
    virtual double area() const = 0;
    virtual ~Shape() = default;
};

struct Square : Shape {
    double side;

    explicit Square(double value) : side(value) {}
    double area() const override { return side * side; }
};

int main() {
    Square square(4);
    const Shape& shape = square;
    std::cout << "area=" << shape.area() << '\n';
}